ICT Ed. 465: Visual Programming| BICTE | Sixth Semester | Bicte Note | Bicte Blog

   Syllabus     Questions


Unit 1 Introduction to .NET

Unit 2 Basics of C#

Unit 3 Delegates and String                                     

Unit 4 Entity Framework and LINQ                                   

Unit 5 ASP.NET                                                                          

Unit 6 Database Programming



Practice Questions

.NET Framework and Visual Studio

  1. Describe the .NET framework architecture with features.
  2. Explain the components of the .NET framework: CLR and Class Library.
  3. Explain the Visual Studio IDE and its key features.
  4. Outline the different project types available in .NET.
  5. Compare .NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET Standard.
        Answers: 
.NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET Standard are different but related components of the .NET ecosystem, each serving distinct purposes. Here is a comparison of these three:

.NET Framework

Overview:

  • Release: First released in 2002.
  • Platform: Windows-only.
  • Development: Supported by Microsoft but considered legacy with the advent of .NET Core and .NET 5+.
  • Target Use: Traditional Windows applications, including desktop (WinForms, WPF) and ASP.NET web applications.

Key Features:

  • Rich Libraries: Extensive libraries and APIs for Windows-specific development.
  • Mature Ecosystem: Highly mature with a broad range of third-party libraries and tools.
  • Backward Compatibility: Strong focus on backward compatibility for existing applications.
  • Windows Integration: Deep integration with Windows OS features like WCF, Windows Services, and COM Interop.

Limitations:

  • Cross-Platform Support: Limited to Windows, no support for Linux or macOS.
  • Modern Development: Lacks some of the modern features and performance improvements found in .NET Core.

.NET Core

Overview:

  • Release: First released in 2016.
  • Platform: Cross-platform (Windows, Linux, macOS).
  • Development: Actively developed and supported by Microsoft.
  • Target Use: Modern, high-performance, and cross-platform applications, including cloud, web, and console applications.

Key Features:

  • Cross-Platform: Runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
  • Modular Architecture: Lightweight, modular design with NuGet package management.
  • Performance: Optimized for high performance and scalability.
  • Unified Development: Consistent development experience across different platforms.
  • Microservices and Cloud: Excellent support for microservices architecture and cloud applications.

Limitations:

  • Framework Gaps: Initially had fewer libraries and APIs compared to .NET Framework, though this gap has largely closed with recent versions.

.NET Standard

Key Features:

  • API Standardization: Defines a common set of APIs that all .NET implementations must support.
  • Library Sharing: Facilitates the creation of libraries that can run on multiple .NET implementations without modification.
  • Versioning: Various versions of .NET Standard exist, each increasing the set of APIs available (e.g., .NET Standard 1.x, 2.0, 2.1).

Limitations:

  • Specification Only: It is a specification, not an actual runtime or framework.
  • Compatibility: Limited by the lowest common denominator of supported APIs across platforms.


Basics of C#

  1. Describe the basic features and structure of C#.
  2. Explain data types, operators, and variables in C#.
  3. Describe control statements with examples.
  4. Explain arrays, classes, structures, and enumerations.
  5. Differentiate between partial, static, and sealed classes.
  6. Define constructors and destructors with examples.
  7. Explain the concept and implementation of inheritance.
  8. Describe polymorphism in C# with examples.
  9. Explain the use and implementation of interfaces.
  10. Differentiate between abstract classes and methods.

Delegates, Events, and Strings

  1. Describe delegates and their uses in C#.
  2. Explain lambda expressions and their implementation.
  3. Describe event handling in C# with examples.
  4. Compare string operations using String and StringBuilder.
  5. Explain collections in C#: generic and non-generic.

Entity Framework and LINQ

  1. Describe the Entity Framework and its architecture.
  2. Differentiate between Database First, Code First, and Model First approaches.
  3. Explain LINQ and its uses with examples.

ASP.NET

  1. Compare ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core.
  2. Describe ASP.NET frameworks: Web Forms, MVC, and Web Pages.
  3. Explain the MVC architecture in ASP.NET.
Explain the MVC architecture in ASP.NET

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture is a software design pattern used in software development. It is a way of structuring an application’s logic into distinct layers, each of which carries out a specific set of tasks. In ASP.NET, the MVC architecture is used to develop web applications, web services, and dynamic content-driven websites.

Here are the components of the MVC architecture in ASP.NET:

  • Model: The model represents the data and business logic of the application. It is responsible for accessing and manipulating the data, and for performing any necessary calculations or validation.
  • View: The view is responsible for rendering the user interface of the application. It takes the data provided by the model and uses it to generate the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript needed to display the page.
  • Controller: The controller is responsible for handling user input and sending the resulting data to the model. It is also responsible for directing the flow of the application, deciding which view to render, and handling any errors that may occur.
  1. Demonstrate creating models, views, and controllers in ASP.NET.
  2. Explain Razor syntax for embedding code in HTML.

Database Programming with ADO.NET

  1. Describe the ADO.NET architecture and its components.

ADO.NET is a set of computer software components that programmers can use to access data and data services from a database. It is a part of the base class library that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework. The ADO.NET architecture is designed to provide a flexible and scalable way to access and manipulate data in various data sources.

Components of ADO.NET Architecture

The ADO.NET architecture comprises six important components:

  1. Connection: A connection object is used to establish a connection to a data source. It provides a way to open and close the connection, as well as to execute commands and retrieve data.
  2. Command: A command object is used to execute a SQL command or a stored procedure against a data source. It provides a way to specify the command text, parameters, and other options.
  3. Data Reader: A data reader object is used to read data from a data source. It provides a way to iterate over the data and retrieve individual values.
  4. DataAdapter: A data adapter object is used to fill a DataSet with data from a data source. It provides a way to specify the data source, command, and other options.
  5. DataTable: A data table object is used to represent a table of data. It provides a way to add, modify, and delete data, as well as to retrieve data from a data source.
  6. DataSet: A data set object is used to represent a collection of data tables. It provides a way to add, modify, and delete data tables, as well as to retrieve data from a data source.

ADO.NET Architecture Diagram

Here is a high-level diagram of the ADO.NET architecture:

          +---------------+
          |  Application  |
          +---------------+
                  |
                  |
                  v
          +---------------+
          |  Data Adapter  |
          +---------------+
                  |
                  |
                  v
          +---------------+
          |  Data Source  |
          +---------------+
                  |
                  |
                  v
          +---------------+
          |  Data Table  |
          +---------------+
                  |
                  |
                  v
          +---------------+
          |  Data Set  |
          +---------------+

In this diagram, the application uses the data adapter to connect to the data source and retrieve data. The data adapter uses the connection object to establish a connection to the data source, and the command object to execute a SQL command or stored procedure. The data reader is used to read data from the data source, and the data table is used to represent a table of data. The data set is used to represent a collection of data tables.

Disconnected Architecture

ADO.NET provides a disconnected architecture, which means that the data is retrieved from the data source and stored in memory. This allows the application to work with the data even when the connection to the data source is lost. The disconnected architecture also provides better scalability and performance, as it reduces the load on the data source.

  1. Explain database connection and CRUD operations using ADO.NET.

ADO.NET is a set of classes in the .NET Framework that provides a way to connect to a database, execute queries, and retrieve data. To connect to a database using ADO.NET, you need to create a connection object, specify the connection string, and open the connection.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to creating a database connection using ADO.NET:

  1. Create a connection object: Create an instance of the SqlConnection class, specifying the connection string that includes the database server name, database name, username, and password.
  2. Specify the connection string: The connection string is a string that specifies the connection details. It typically includes the server name, database name, username, and password.
  3. Open the connection: Call the Open() method on the connection object to establish a connection to the database.

CRUD Operations using ADO.NET

CRUD operations are the basic operations that can be performed on a database: Create, Read, Update, and Delete. Here’s how you can perform CRUD operations using ADO.NET:

Create Operation

To create a new record in the database, you can use the SqlCommand object to execute an INSERT query.

  1. Create a command object: Create an instance of the SqlCommand class, specifying the query to execute (e.g., INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (@param1, @param2)).
  2. Add parameters: Add parameters to the command object using the Parameters collection.
  3. Execute the query: Call the ExecuteNonQuery() method on the command object to execute the query.

Read Operation

To read data from the database, you can use the SqlCommand object to execute a SELECT query.

  1. Create a command object: Create an instance of the SqlCommand class, specifying the query to execute (e.g., SELECT * FROM table_name).
  2. Execute the query: Call the ExecuteReader() method on the command object to execute the query and retrieve the data.

Update Operation

To update an existing record in the database, you can use the SqlCommand object to execute an UPDATE query.

  1. Create a command object: Create an instance of the SqlCommand class, specifying the query to execute (e.g., UPDATE table_name SET column1 = @param1 WHERE column2 = @param2).
  2. Add parameters: Add parameters to the command object using the Parameters collection.
  3. Execute the query: Call the ExecuteNonQuery() method on the command object to execute the query.

Delete Operation

To delete a record from the database, you can use the SqlCommand object to execute a DELETE query.

  1. Create a command object: Create an instance of the SqlCommand class, specifying the query to execute (e.g., DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column1 = @param1).
  2. Add parameters: Add parameters to the command object using the Parameters collection.
  3. Execute the query: Call the ExecuteNonQuery() method on the command object to execute the query.


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